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[Viewpoint] Improving responsiveness of health systems to non-communicable diseases

In almost all countries, development of health systems that are responsive to the challenge of prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is a priority. NCDs consist of a vast group of conditions, but in terms of premature mortality, emphasis has been on cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases—diseases that were also the focus of the UN high-level meeting on NCDs, held in 2011. (Source: LANCET)

Nutritional support and functional capacity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract Currently there is confusion about the value of using nutritional support to treat malnutrition and improve functional outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to clarify the effectiveness of nutritional support in improving functional outcomes in COPD. A systematic review identified 12 RCTs (n = 448) in stable COPD patients investigating the effects of nutritional support [dietary advice (1 RCT), oral nutritional supplements (ONS; 10 RCTs), enteral tube feeding (1 RCT)] versus control on functional outcomes. Meta‐analysis of the changes induced by intervention found that whilst respiratory function (FEV1, lung capacity, blood gases) was unresponsive to nutritional support, b...

Severe and uncontrolled adult asthma is associated with vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency

Background: Vitamin D has effects on the innate and adaptive immune system. In asthmatic children low vitamin D levels are associated with poor asthma control, reduced lung function, increased medication intake, and exacerbations. Little is known about vitamin D in adult asthma patients or its association with asthma severity and control. Methods: Clinical parameters of asthma control and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) serum concentrations were evaluated in 280 adult asthma patients (mean +/- SD: 45.0 +/- 13.8 yrs., 40% male, FEV1 74.9 +/- 23.4%, 55% severe, 51% uncontrolled). Results: 25(OH)D concentrations in adult asthmatics were low (25.6 +/-11.8 ng/ml) and vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency (vitamin D (Source: Respiratory Research)

Exploring factors influencing asthma control and asthma-specific health-related quality of life among children

Conclusion: Children's asthma control status influenced their asthma-specific HRQoL. However, parental factors such as perceived self-efficacy with patient-physician interaction and satisfaction with shared decision-making indirectly influenced children's asthma control status and asthma-specific HRQoL. (Source: Respiratory Research)

New Antivirals Block Progression of Flu Virus

Dr. Martin Richter (pharmacology), investigator with the Centre de recherche clinique Etienne-Le Bel (CRCELB) at the Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS) and professor in the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of the Universite de Sherbrooke (UdeS), and his collaborators have identified a new function of the enzyme matriptase, present in the human respiratory system, that can activate a viral protein involved in infections caused by the H1N1 influenza (or flu) virus. (Source: Disabled World)

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