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Induced Sputum, Exhaled Nitric Oxide, and Particles in Exhaled Air in Assessing Airways Inflammation in Occupational Exposures

Sensitive methods to detect airways inflammation caused by exposures associated with adverse respiratory effects are crucial, as is the identification of individuals with early-stage disease. In this review, the use of induced sputum and sampling of the fraction of nitric oxide to identify airways inflammation associated with occupational exposures is discussed. In addition, a new method to assess airways inflammation in small airways (sampling and analyses of particles in exhaled air) is introduced. (Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine)

Molecular pathogenesis of infections caused by Moraxella catarrhalis in children.

Authors: Bernhard S, Spaniol V, Aebi C Abstract Moraxella catarrhalis (M. catarrhalis) is a human-restricted commensal of the normal bacterial flora in the upper respiratory tract of children, and - during the previous two decades - has been recognised as a true human pathogen. M. catarrhalis is the third most common pathogen causing acute otitis media in children, which is the most common reason to visit a paediatrician during childhood. Acute otitis media thus causes a high clinical and economical burden. With the introduction of the conjugate pneumococcal vaccines the microbiomic pattern in the nasopharyngeal flora of children has changed, and the frequency of isolation of M. catarrhalis has increased. Compared to adults, children are more often colonised with M. catarrhalis. Ov...

Gastroesophageal Reflux and the Lung

series:Respiratory Medicine Gastroesophageal Reflux and the Lung provides a comprehensive review of current knowledge concerning normal deglutition and foregut digestive processes and examines how abnormalities of swallowing or excessive/abnormal GER can lead to respiratory tract dysfunction and lung disease.  In-depth Chapters deliver a concise review of the prevalence of GER in patients with lung disease and ... (Source: Springer Medicine titles)

Can spirometric norms be set using pre- or post- bronchodilator test results in older people?

Conclusions: Using pre-bronchodilator spirometry to derive norms for lung function reduces sensitivity compared to a post-bronchodilator gold standard. Adjustment of these values by a constant can improve validity of the test. (Source: Respiratory Research)

Symptom profile of undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnoea in hypertensive outpatients in primary care: a structural equation model analysis.

CONCLUSION: OSA was highly prevalent and was directly associated with anthropometrics and OSA-related symptoms (snoring, witnessed apnoeas and dry mouth in the morning). When meeting patients with hypertension, these characteristics could be used by general practitioners to identify patients who are in need of referral to a sleep clinic for OSA evaluation. PMID: 23113913 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Quality in Primary Care)

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