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Macrolide antibiotics for cystic fibrosis

A number of anecdotal reports in the 1990's suggested that macrolide antibiotics, most notably azithromycin, may have the potential for improving respiratory function in young people with cystic fibrosis. Subsequent randomised controlled trials examined the impact of azithromycin on a number of clinical outcomes, primarily on forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). A meta-analysis of these data at several different time-points confirmed a small but significant improvement in FEV1. This analysis was published in the first Cochrane review looking at the use of macrolide antibiotics in cystic fibrosis in 2000. The authors of this review found it more challenging to obtain data and details from trials examining clarithromycin. To some degree this probably reflects the negative results o...

Leukotriene receptor antagonists for exacerbations of asthma

Emergency department visits and hospital admissions for acute asthma represent a considerable burden on health services worldwide. Many patients presenting with acute asthma do not respond fully to standard therapy of beta2- agonists, corticosteroids and oxygen so additional therapies are required. Fast-acting LTRAs may potentially be helpful but guidelines report insufficient evidence to support their use during an asthma exacerbation. This Cochrane Review looked at whether adding LTRAs to standard treatment for people having an asthma attacks in the emergency department was beneficial or not. The primary outcome was hospital admissions. (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)

Cystic Fibrosis: Management of Haemoptysis

Summary: Haemoptysis is a common complication in cystic fibrosis (CF), occurring in approximately 9% of the population. Massive haemoptysis is associated with older patients, more severe disease and carries a high mortality rate. Despite this there are few robust published studies of effective treatments and knowledge of the precise pathogenesis is limited. Current guidelines for treatment from the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (CFF) are based on consensus opinion of experts. Patients with massive haemoptysis who do not respond to initial medical treatments should undergo bronchial artery embolization. This will control the bleeding in the majority of cases but recurrence rates are high and there are little data to support long-term improved outcomes. Surgery is a last resort in patients with...

Streptococcus pneumoniae – a review of carriage, infection, serotype replacement and vaccination

This article provides an overview on pneumococcal carriage and risk factors for IPD, the rise of non-7vCPV serotypes in the era of 7vPCV vaccination, and the current and newly available broader valent pneumococcal vaccines. (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)

Asthma And Exposure To Nicotine In Utero

Currently, there are approximately 25 million people in the United States who suffer from the lifelong effects of asthma - wheezing, breathlessness, tightness in the chest, coughing - and the numbers are rising each year. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the number of people in the United States diagnosed with asthma grew by 4.3 million from 2001 to 2009... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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